Precise Extraction of Charge Carrier Mobility for Organic Transistors

Unreliable mobility values, and particularly greatly overestimated values and severely distorted temperature dependences, have recently hampered the development of the organic transistor field. Given that organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) have been routinely used to evaluate mobility, precise parameter extraction using the electrical properties of OFETs is thus of primary importance. This review examines the origins of the various mobilities that must be determined for OFET applications, the relevant extraction methods, and the data selection limitations, which help in avoiding conceptual errors during mobility extraction. For increased precision, the review also discusses device fabrication considerations, calibration of both the specific gate‐dielectric capacitance and the threshold voltage, the contact effects, and the bias and temperature dependences, which must actually be handled with great care but have mostly been overlooked to date. This review serves as a systematic overview of the OFET mobility extraction process to ensure high precision and will also aid in improving future research.     

球化退火工艺对高碳马氏体不锈钢8Cr13MoV组织及性能的影响

为了优化高碳马氏体不锈钢8Cr13MoV的球化热处理工艺,提高其退火后的冷加工性能,采用微观组织分析法以及拉伸力学分析法研究了球化退火过程中奥氏体化保温时间和冷却速率对8Cr13MoV钢的球化效果影响。结果表明, 随着奥氏体保温时间的增加,组织中细颗粒状碳化物数量减少,索氏体数量增多,试样硬度先降低后升高,但断后伸长率持续增加;随冷却速率增加,试样组织中细颗粒状碳化物和索氏体数量、硬度和强度增加,断后伸长率降低。综合对比,奥氏体保温时间ϕ90 min时试样综合力学性能较好,冷却速率应控制在25 ℃·h^-1以内。与奥氏体保温时间相比,冷却速率对力学性能的影响更加显著。     

Corrosion of Mg alloys EV31A,WE43B,and ZE41A in chloride- and sulfate-containing solutions saturated with magnesium hydroxide

This study studied corrosion in 0.1 M Na₂SO₄, 0.1 M NaCl, and 0.6 M NaCl, all saturated with Mg(OH)₂, using weight loss, hydrogen evolution, and electrochemical measurements. Corrosion was similar in all cases. Nevertheless, the corrosion rates were alloy-dependent, were somewhat lower in 0.1 M Na₂SO₄ than in 0.1 M NaCl, and increased with NaCl concentration. The corrosion damage morphology was similar for all solutions; the extent correlated with the corrosion rate. The corrosion rates evaluated by the electrochemical methods were lower than those evaluated from hydrogen evolution, consistent with the Mg corrosion mechanism involving the unipositive Mg⁺ ion.     

Role of phosphorus in nitrogen,phosphorus dual-doped ordered mesoporous carbon electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media

In this paper, we have investigated the role of phosphorus (P) in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus dual-doped carbon electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media with three samples prepared by varying the doping orders of N and P. Results show that the resultant N-POMC (first doped with P, then N) exhibits an outstanding activity for ORR in alkaline media. The mechanism leading to the improved activity is found to be associated with the orientation effect of the first doped P on the later doped N, by increasing the ratio of graphitic-N significantly. Furthermore, a portion of the first doped P can act as the doping sites and be replaced by the later doped N, called ‘self-sacrifice’ mode, which is confirmed by both experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. However, this orientation effect cannot be observed in the other two dual-doped samples. In addition, experimental and DFT calculation also prove that the amount of graphitic-N is important in improving the activity for ORR. The doping strategy reported in this work is applicable to various co-doping systems in exploring the synergy effect of different dopants and improving activity for ORR.     

模拟水环境下的压紧弹簧刚度试验及计算模型的研究

在模拟水环境下，对堆内构件压紧弹簧的缩比试样进行了刚度试验，并与有限元模拟、基于小扰度理论模型和大扰度随动模型的分析结果进行比较分析。结果表明，当摩擦系数按文献实验测值0.189取值时，有限元模拟、基于小扰度的理论模型和大扰度随动模型计算所得的刚度值均与试验所得的相近；卸载稳定段的刚度均明显小于加载稳定段的，是加载时的0.6倍左右。有限元模拟分析进一步阐明，在压紧弹簧变形过程中，压紧弹簧的截面存在转动，它与垫板之间的接触点并不是固定的，在加载和卸载过程中存在来回的径向位移。并且压紧弹簧接触面上的摩擦力方向是相反的，使得压紧弹簧在加载和卸载过程的刚度存在较大的差别。较小扰度理论模型、考虑压紧弹簧截面转动和接触点径向位移的大扰度随动模型所得的结果与有限元模拟更为接近。      

新型热冲压模具钢的组织与性能

采用SEM、TEM、LF457型激光导热仪,DSC404型差示扫描量热仪和UMT-3型高温摩擦磨损试验机对高强钢板热冲压用新型模具钢的组织和热稳定性能、热物理性能及高温耐磨性能进行研究。试验结果表明:该模具钢具有良好的抗回火软化性能、热稳定性、高热导率和高温耐磨性,能更好地适应高强钢板热冲压工况。新型模具钢的碳化物以Mo₂C和VC为主,使得该钢有更好的抗回火软化和热稳定性。新型钢具有高热导率,在室温下是H13钢的1.4倍。其低Si、Mn、Cr和高Mo的合金化特征是其高热导率的原因。该钢较H13钢有更好的高温耐磨性能,尤其是温度高于600 ℃后耐磨性要远远优于H13钢。新型模具钢良好的耐磨性能有益于减少模具修理频次,提高模具寿命。